THE IMPORTANCE OF HYDROELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY_M.TURFAN
THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON HYDROPOWER & DAMS
VOLUME 9 ISSUE 5 2002 PAGE 58
Turkey is one of the country with very limited resources, very little oil, some coal, which is generally low in quality.
The use of electricity indicates the level of industrialization and prosperity of a community. The per capita annual electricity consumption of Turkey is around 1500 kWh, which is below the world's average 2252 kWh. However, energy demand is growing app. 8% annually.
Total energy potential of Turkey is 246 TWh/yr (125 TWh HES+ 105 TWh lignite+ 16 TWh hard coal). The gross hydropotential is about 433 TWh/yr, which represents 14% of the total potential of Europe. However, with current available technique only 125 TWh is technically available and economically feasible.
Turkey is not a water-rich country. The average annual surface runoff is 186 km3, only 98km3 could be technically developed for consumptive use. Total amount of exploitable water is 110 km3, 42 km3(%38) of the potential is consumed currently. By the year 2030, we plan to develop all. Then annual available water per capita will fall below the critical level of 1000m3.
Although generally Turkey has an adequate amount of water, it is not in the right place at the right time to meet needs.
The European countries and North America have already developed almost all of their hydropotential, while Turkey has developed only 35%. So far in Turkey 129 hydroplants (12177 MW installed capacity, 44 TWh annual generation capacity). 34 are under construction, 388 will be constructed. This requires 30,000,000,000$. Unit price per kWh of hydropower in Turkey is 5cent, its contribution to GNP is around US$1
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